How are vector-borne diseases usually controlled?

Today, control of vector-borne diseases is largely accomplished using drugs to prevent or treat human infection by the disease-causing agent (pathogen) and pesticides to prevent or reduce the vector populations thereby decreasing their transmission of the pathogen. However, pathogens develop resistance to widely used drugs, and vectors develop resistance to frequently used pesticides. Moreover, effective drugs are not available for some pathogens, such as arboviruses. Vaccines are available for some but not all vector-borne diseases. Environmental management, which aims to eliminate potential breeding sites of disease-carrying vectors, also is being used. However, the utility of this measure is limited by the difficulty in finding and removing all possible breeding sites. This situation creates an urgent need to look for new and alternative control measures.

For more information:

https://www.who.int/westernpacific/activities/integrating-vector-management
https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/272533/9789241514057-eng.pdf, https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/204588