This is an aggregation of scholarly literature from peer-reviewed journals, bioRxiv , medRxiv and arXiv preprint servers focused on natural and engineered selfish genetic elements and genetic biocontrol. New citations are added as they appear. This content is intended for anyone interested in the scholarly literature on gene drive and genetic biocontrol.
35531
J.B. Connolly, Y. Devos, D.C.M. Glandorf, and J. Romeis,
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.,
2026-03-30 19:11:30.
The recent opinion piece of Christophe Boëte critiqued the concept of the target species complex (TSC) in environmental risk assessment (ERA) of engineered gene drives (EGDs) (1). While constructive debate is essential, the piece misrepresents the purpose of TSC and conflates unrelated mechanisms, creating misconceptions that merit clarification. Malaria-transmitting mosquitoes often belong to species complexes, comprising vector and nonvector species, where hybridization can be detected in laboratory settings and occasionally in the field (2–4). Low-threshold EGDs are self-sustaining and nonlocalizing (5). Should such EGD be released in a species complex where target genomic sequences are conserved, in the event of interspecific mating in the field vertical gene drive transfer (VGDT) to nonvector species could occur, potentially harming biodiversity protection goals. Conversely, VGDT to vector species could advance health objectives (6).
35509
Bobo, E. D.,
All Life,
19.
2026-03-16 15:14:01.
CRISPR-based suppression gene drives represent a promising tool for managing invasive Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) populations in sub-Saharan Africa’s freshwater ecosystems. Introduced through aquaculture, Nile tilapia supports livelihoods but also causes severe biodiversity loss. This review explores the technical feasibility of CRISPR-Cas9 suppression gene drives, specifically homing and Driving-Y drive systems, as species-specific, potentially self-sustaining biocontrol strategies. The theoretical effectiveness of these gene drive systems in reducing invasive Nile tilapia and restoring ecological balance is discussed within a precautionary framework. This study addresses the urgent need to protect native tilapia species, which are listed as Critically Endangered, Endangered, and Vulnerable by the IUCN. Gene drives have the potential to reduce invasive populations and restore ecological balance. However, their effectiveness can be compromised by extensive hybridization with native Oreochromis species and resistance evolution in genetically diverse populations. Therefore, the ecological, ethical, and socioeconomic risks of gene drive systems were examined in the context of the Convention on Biological Diversity and Cartagena Protocol. Hence, integrating molecular innovations with strong policy frameworks, stakeholder engagement, and comprehensive risk assessment is essential. CRISPR-Cas9 suppression drives deployment requires careful evaluation across ecological, ethical, and governance contexts to safeguard native ichthyofauna.
35506
Yoosook Lee, Omar S. Akbari,
Current Opinion in Insect Science,
2026-03-13 09:43:24.
Genetic biocontrol is a form of biological control in which genetic variants or genetically modified forms of the target species act to reduce or eliminate the target species. In entomology, target species include agricultural pests and vector species that transmit pathogens to human, animal, or plant systems. Examples include the Anopheles mosquito gene drive system to reduce or replace malaria vectors in Africa, the use of Wolbachia symbiont induced cytoplasmic incompatibility in Culex mosquitoes to project Hawaiian native birds from avian malaria related deaths, and the use of CRISPR to generate sterile males at a scale useful for suppressing pests of fruit crops. The widespread availability of robust transgenic technologies combined with new RNA-guided DNA endonuclease-based genome manipulation technologies and platforms and advances in synthetic biology are fueling the development of genetic biocontrol technologies and systems for combating arthropods that contribute to food insecurity, pathogen- and parasite-transmission, and invasive arthropods that threaten biodiversity. Heretofore a niche area of genetic biocontrol now commands great interest and an ever-growing number of applications.
35497
Julia Njagi, John Muriuki, Paul Mbugua, et al.,
Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology,
2026-03-10 09:22:44.
Genetically modified (GM) crops with improved traits such as resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses and enhanced nutritional profiles have been commercially cultivated for over three decades. Despite extensive safety data and long-term cultivation experience, concerns continue to be raised about the potential risks and benefits of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). This is particularly true for the African region, where only eight out of fifty-four countries have so far commercialized GMOs. Upon release into the environment, GM crops may interact with ecosystems in complex ways, possibly leading to unanticipated ecological effects. Consequently, post-release monitoring of GMOs is essential to identify early signs of adverse impacts, enabling timely responses such as adjustments in risk management strategies, mitigation measures, or re-evaluation of previous regulatory decisions. A supportive policy and regulatory environment are critical for facilitating the safe development, testing, and commercialization of GMOs. This study conducted a desktop review of post-release monitoring frameworks for GMOs in selected African countries, as well as interviews with key informants in countries that have commercialized at least one GMO product. The findings reveal that most sampled countries lack clearly defined environmental protection goals and specific provisions regarding the scope and duration of post-release monitoring of GMOs. Where the duration of monitoring is prescribed, it is a blanket cover for all GMOs regardless of their life cycles. Moreover, the responsibility for monitoring is often delegated entirely to the applicant, and where local institutions are involved, there is no clear coordination mechanism for data sharing. These findings underscore the need for case-by-case monitoring approaches, guided by clearly articulated national protection goals and clear roles and coordination among stakeholders to ensure the safe and responsible deployment of GMOs.
This is a curated collection of scholarly and non-scholarly materials that can be found in the Scholarly Literature and Media Coverage databases that are ‘opinion-heavy’. This collection is intended to capture the full range of thought and opinion about gene drive technologies.
35341
Kabirul Bashar, Dr Zonaed Siddiki. Dr Zonaed Siddiki, et al.,
Dhaka Tribune,
2025-12-17 11:37:26.
Bangladesh is once again in the grip of a severe dengue and chikungunya crisis in 2025. Hospitals are overwhelmed, fever wards are full, and doctors are working tirelessly. Families live in fear of mosquito bites, while daily news reports chronicle rising infections and deaths. As of December 16, 2025, the Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS) has reported more than 100,000 confirmed dengue cases and 409 deaths. However, this figure represents only the tip of the iceberg, as it reflects data solely from hospitalized patients, specifically from 77 hospitals in Dhaka and reports from 64 civil surgeon offices. A substantial number of dengue patients are receiving treatment at home or in various small and large hospitals and clinics that are not included in the official count. This underscores the overwhelming pressure on the country’s health system. At the same time, the Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research (IEDCR) has recorded a resurgence of chikungunya, reporting 337 suspected cases, 153 of which were laboratory-confirmed in Dhaka between January and May 2025. Researchers estimate that the true number of chikungunya infections this year may be close to one hundred thousand. As chikungunya testing is available only in a limited number of major hospitals in Dhaka, many cases remain undiagnosed and unreported.
35296
C. Boëte,
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.,
122.
2025-11-09 18:26:26.
The development of engineered gene drive systems continues to garner significant interest. Theoretically, these systems could spread traits in a target species (an approach known as population replacement) or eliminate a population within a few generations (population suppression). Some researchers have promoted this disruptive technology for potential applications ranging from public health (e.g., malaria control) to conservation (e.g., protection of endangered species, elimination of invasive ones) to agriculture (e.g., pest control).
But in the case of a gene drive intended to target a specific species, the risk of affecting non-target species must be taken into account, and researchers must strive to minimize collateral damage. Hybridization between a target and a non-target species could result in unintended gene flow, as could the horizontal transfer of the gene drive cassette (1). While some researchers have proposed the “Target Species Complex” (TSC) framework to account for off-target effects, the concept is unlikely to provide a safeguard. Rather, it risks reframing collateral impacts as intentional outcomes, narrowing, rather than broadening, the scope of ecological and regulatory considerations. Researchers must therefore make sure to incorporate risk assessments that take into account the effects on numerous species and make a concerted effort to understand the downstream effects.
35176
David Farrier,
Aeon,
2025-09-26 14:10:35.
At the end of August 1939, the German archaeologist Otto Völzing discovered around 200 fragments of carved mammoth ivory at the back of a cave in southern Germany. With war just a week away, Völzing’s find was hurriedly collected in a box, where it lay unnoticed in a museum archive for decades. It wasn’t until the 1960s, when the shards were inventoried, that something astonishing emerged out of the heap of broken pieces. They formed an incomplete figurine, with a chimeric mix of features: the body of person, and the head and forearms of a cave lion. Subsequent excavations in the 1970s found further pieces of what has come to be called the Lion-Man of Hohlenstein-Stadel. Carved from a mammoth tusk around 40,000 years ago, it is one of the earliest examples of the human capacity to imagine forms that don’t exist in nature.
Every age of human history since the Lion-Man has tried to think beyond nature. In Hesiod’s Theogony, composed around 700 BCE, the chimera was a compound being with the head of a lion, the body of a dragon, and a snake’s-head tail (and an extra goat’s head protruding from its back for good measure). In W B Yeats’s poem ‘The Second Coming’ (1920), a similar ‘rough beast’ is a harbinger of ruin. In our own time, the chimeras are something different. Living things in every part of the biosphere have been forced by climate change, pollution and the spread of non-native species to adapt their bodies and behaviours to a human planet. They may not have visibly merged forms like the Lion-Man, but they do bear the impression of another species: us.
35137
Jon Fleetwood,
Substack,
2025-09-12 15:41:16.
Last month, the military government of Burkina Faso has done what no Western regulator dared to do: it ordered the immediate termination of Bill Gates’ genetically modified mosquito project—‘Target Malaria’—and the destruction of all bioengineered insect samples inside the country. This wasn’t a health agency issuing a polite memo. It was a military crackdown on a Gates-funded scheme that released engineered mosquitoes into villages without real informed consent from the people forced to live with the consequences. The press release from Target Malaria itself admits the sequence of events. First came the release:
“On 11 August 2025, one small scale release of non gene drive genetically modified male bias mosquitoes took place successfully, in accord with terms and conditions of the ANB and ANEVE permits.” Translation: genetically engineered insects were already unleashed in Burkinabè villages, exposing citizens to an irreversible genetic experiment without their consent.
Then came the military order to shut it down: “On 18 August, the national authorities requested the Target Malaria team at IRSS to suspend all their activities. The IRSS team complied with the request.” Finally, the junta (a government that has taken power by military force) made it permanent: “On 22 August, the Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation issued a communiqué informing ‘the Burkinabè public that it has terminated all the activities of the project Target Malaria on its territory.’”
This wasn’t a pause. This was a military-ordered termination of Bill Gates’ mosquito project.
This is a database of print and digital media coverage of gene drive technologies and genetic biocontrol-related topics. This database is intended to serve experts and non-experts by capturing how gene drive/genetic biocontrol technologies and issues around the technologies are being represented, discussed, debated and evaluated by the public.
35429
Dave Puglisi,
7News,
2026-01-29 10:43:05.
Tiny insects are spreading a devastating disease. Scientists at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) believe they’ve discovered something that could help stop Lyme disease before it starts. “The right side of my body went numb. I felt disoriented. My heart was racing,” said Brandi Dean. Dean thought what she was experiencing was a stroke but it was actually the start of a 10-year battle with Lyme disease. “It’s a devastating illness, emotionally, physically, and financially,” she said.
The illness began with a tick bite that spread bacteria throughout her body. “I was really struggling to just survive every day and to take care of my kids,” said Dean. Brandi pushed through muscle pain, dizziness and exhaustion so severe she couldn’t walk down the stairs. “I would literally scoot down each stair. I had very little energy to walk,” said Dean. “It was frightening at that time.” Doctor Sam Telford, a professor of infectious disease and global health at Tufts University, has studied ticks for more than 40-years. He says mice are a perfect host for several diseases ticks can spread. “They’re very good hosts for the bacteria. They suffer no disease from having the bacteria,” said Telford. “They pass it back-and-forth and us humans are collateral damage.”
35287 Foreign Policy,
2025-11-06 17:34:40.
Malaria kills nearly 600,000 people every year, with 95 percent of deaths occurring in Africa. Most of them are children under the age of 5. While progress on curbing malaria has flattened in recent years, new scientific breakthroughs may bring the world closer than ever not only to controlling malaria outbreaks but potentially also to eradicating the disease. In this episode, we focus on the best mosquito control strategies to eliminate malaria. Host Henry Bonsu interviews Fredros Okumu, a professor at the University of Glasgow in Scotland and a scientist at Ifakara Health Institute in Tanzania. His research evaluates many of the latest tools to combat malaria, including next-generation insecticide bed nets, indoor residual sprays, and spatial repellants, also known as spatial emanators.
Then, reporter Paul Adepoju talks to scientists from the U.K.- and Tanzania-based Transmission Zero project. They have developed genetically modified mosquitoes that could dramatically reduce the transmission of malaria. Adepoju speaks with Dickson Wilson Lwetoijera, a leading entomologist also at the Ifakara Health Institute, as well as Nikolai Windbichler from Imperial College London, who leads the molecular genetics side of the Transmission Zero project.
35120
Adam Levy & Mariana Lenharo,
Nature,
2025-09-08 08:31:27.
Raising mosquitoes to tackle disease might sound like an odd concept, but that’s what a facility in Brazil is aiming to do. Millions of mosquitoes are produced there every week, but these insects carry harmless Wolbachia bacteria that curbs their ability to spread deadly human viruses. Nature reporter Mariana Lenharo visited the facility and told us all about her experience in this Podcast Extra.
This is a collection of articles compiled from lay news sources, including newspapers, newscasts, blogs, and other non-academic communications. This content illustrates how genetic biocontrol and gene drive technologies are described in popular media.
35528
Nana Appiah Acquaye,
Tech Review Africa,
2026-03-28 08:17:45.
Imperial College London has hosted a delegation of journalists from Ghana and Nigeria under the UK-Ghana Science, Technology and Innovation (ST&I) Media Capacity Programme. The initiative, supported by the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office, the British High Commission Accra, and UK in Nigeria, aims to strengthen science communication and reporting capacity among African media professionals. During their visit to Imperial’s South Kensington campus, the journalists engaged with researchers working on advanced innovations including digital diagnostics, gene drive technology to combat malaria through Transmission Zero, and sustainable energy solutions under the DIGIBAT project. At the White City campus, the delegation met innovators in sustainable plastic development at Polymateria and explored emerging trends in agritech, areas expected to shape future science reporting. The group also interacted with Ofosua Adi-Dako of the University of Ghana, currently serving as a Global Faculty Fellow at Imperial’s I-X initiative, where she is advancing pharmacology research using artificial intelligence. The programme included workshops on science journalism and engagement with researchers, concluding with a media briefing by Imperial College President Hugh Brady. Organisers say the engagement is expected to strengthen collaboration between researchers and media practitioners, enhancing the quality and impact of science communication in West Africa.
35516
Lila Seidman,
Los Angeles Times,
2026-03-23 09:06:38.
Residents were supposed to get a respite from the ankle-nipping mosquitoes that fueled a recent surge in dengue fever in Los Angeles County. Typically, the invasive mosquitoes — called Aedes aegypti — essentially disappear from winter until early May in the region. Instead, complaints to local agencies tasked with controlling the pests spiked recently. “We have not seen them go away altogether like they have in previous years,” said Susanne Kluh, general manager for the Greater Los Angeles County Vector Control District.
Their unusual presence adds to the urgency of work going on in a 40-foot shipping container tucked away in Pacoima. It's about to transform into a bustling nursery for tens of thousands of mosquitoes. This May, the district is set for the third year in a row to release legions of sterilized male mosquitoes — which don't bite — into parts of Sunland-Tujunga. The last two years were promising, with the female population in two treated neighborhoods plunging by an average of more than 80%. Yet business owners have signaled they're not willing to pay to expand it. That's thrown uncertainty into officials' goal of eventually bringing the approach to their whole service area, spanning 36 cities and unincorporated communities. “Unfortunately, that's going to be a rather expensive endeavor,” said Steve Vetrone, an assistant general manager for the district. “I can tell you right now that's not something that we can do with our current operating budget.”
35524 Ifakara Health Institute,
2026-03-19 09:32:34.
The Transmission Zero Program’s team at the Ifakara Health Institute hosted key stakeholders from government and research institutions in Dar es Salaam on March 17-18, to review progress and strengthen collaboration on the Transmission Zero project, an international research programme working to develop innovative genetic tools to stop malaria transmission. The project is African-led by Scientists from Ifakara Health Institute in collaboration with Imperial College London in the United Kingdom, National Institute for Medical Research in Tanzania and Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute in Switzerland. This collaborative model is paramount in ensuring sustainable capacity strengthening through infrastructure development, and knowledge and technology outputs. The meeting brought together members of the National Biosafety Committee (NBC) and ministerial authorities, and representatives from the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) to discuss program progress, challenges and considerations for introducing the program at scale.
35513
Ian MacKay,
Oyen Echo,
2026-03-17 08:56:22.
Three projects intended to deal with the canola disease verticillium stripe stand out among 11 research programs that a prairie growers consortium is funding this year. Leaders of the canola agronomic research program have chosen projects that they feel are “key to advancing canola productivity and mitigating production threats,” a statement said. The organization includes SaskOilseeds and similar Manitoba and Alberta grower groups, which together are spending over $2.4 million. Results Driven Agriculture Research in Alberta is supplying over $1 million and the Western Grains Research Foundation will chip in $495,000 to bring the total planned expenditure to over $4 million. “The genetic improvement and disease risks facing canola production need to be researched to find solutions,” said Laura Reiter of Radisson, who chairs the Western Grains Research Foundation.
“As capacity among public research institutions decreases, grower-led investment isn't just an option anymore, it’s critical to the longevity of our industry,” said Cheryl Westman of Vermilion, who chairs Alberta Canola’s research program. A University of Calgary scientist heads a project titled “Discovering the verticillium longisporum genetic determinants of virulence,” a University of Manitoba scientist aims to test “biocontrol-based strategies” to deal with verticillium stripe in canola and another researcher from that university will use “genetic and molecular approaches” to increase canola’s resistance to verticillium stripe.
